Norman
Ramsey was born in was born August 27, 1915 in Washington, D.C. His mother
was a mathmatematics instructor at the University of Kansas. His father
was an officer in the Army Ordnance Corps and a West Point graduate. He
graduated high school at the age of 15 with a high academic record. He
was offered a scolarship to Kansas University but had to pass it up do
to his family moving. Insted he went to Columbia University in 1931. He
started his degree in engineering and soon realized that he wanted to have
a deeper understanding of engineering so he switched his major to mathamatics.
He won many mathematics contests and got honored with a teaching assistantship.
This Honor was normally reserved for graduate students. He graduated from
Columbia in 1935 and learned that he wanted to make a career out of physics.
He then went to Cambridge University, England, where he was enrolled as
a physics undergraduate. Then in 1940 he got married to Elinor Jameson
and they had four daughters together. Ramsey earned five degrees in physics
including a Ph.D. and a D.Sc.
Ramsey
got a chance to work on military objects that helped changed history such
as the Manhattan Project. Before doing that he was a radar consultant to
the Secretary of War. When he was a radar consultant he help eveloped the
first three centimeter wavelength magnetrons and the related radar systems.
Ramsey focussed his scientific research on the properties of atoms nuclei,
molecules,and elementary particles. They include the nature of nuclear
forces, the structural shape of nuclear particles, key contributions to
the knowledge of magnetic moments, the thermodynamics of energized populations
of atoms, molecules and spectroscopy. Ramsey became a professor at Columbia
University until 1947. He then joined the faculty at Harvard and became
Higgins Professor of Physics in 1966. He officially retired from Hrvard
in 1986. Even though he is retired he still goes to his office at Harvard
and continues to write and publish. When he was at harvard he established
a molecular beam laboratory. This is where he had the intent of doing accurate
molecular beam magnetic resonance experiments. They failed at doin this
many times because of not having a strong enough magnetic field. Then he
invented the separated oscillatory field method. That method permitted
them to achieve more accuracy with the magnets available. They used this
method to measure the molecular and nuclear properties including nuclear
spins, nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments, rotational
magnetic moments of molecules, spin-rotational interactions, spin-spin
interactions, electron distributions in molecules, and so on. During this
period is when he helped develop the atomic clocks.Daniel Kleppner and
Ramsey invented the atomic hydrogen maser. He was awarded the Nobel Prize
in physics for the " invention of the separated oscillatory fields method
and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks." Experimental
Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Moments, , Molecular Beams,
and Quick Calculus, were some of the books he wrote. Ramsey published
many writtings and was honored with many awards.
http://www.if.ufrj.br/famous/physlist.html
http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1989/ramsey-autobio.html
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/0841/0/9/A0841091.html
http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2002/05.16/05-bigpic.html