5-1: Energy and Work
- Energy is the ability to cause change.
- Energy may be in the form of motion (kinetic energy)
or it may be stored (potential energy).
- Energy exists in many different forms, and it can change
from one form to another with no loss of total energy.
- Work is the transfer of energy through motion.
- Work is done only when force produces motion in the
direction of the force.
- The equation for work is: W = Fd
5-2: Temperature and Heat
- All matter is made up of tiny particles that are in
constant motion.
- This motion is not related to or dependent on the motion
of the object.
- Heat and temperature are related, but they are not
the same.
- The temperature of a material is a measure of the average
kinetic energy of the particles that make up the material.
- Heat is the energy that flows from a warmer to a cooler
material.
- The thermal energy of a material is the total energy
– both kinetic and potential – of the particles that make up the material.
5-3: Waste You Can’t See
- When waste heat finds its way into rivers, lakes, and
oceans, it can damage or destroy the plants and animals living there.
- Government and industry continue to debate whether
the benefits of regulating thermal pollution are worth the costs to society.
5-4: Measuring Thermal Energy
- Different materials have different heat capacities
(known as specific heat).
- The specific heat of a material can be used to calculate
changes in the thermal energy of the material.
- The higher the specific heat of a material, the better
it “holds” heat. Lower specific heats means that the material gains
or loses heat more easily. |
