HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
SKIN STRUCTURE
1. Skin is made up of _____ layers.
2. Epidermis is the outer layer and is made up of _____ types of cells in ____ - ____ layers.
3. There are _________
types of epidermal cells.
a) _________ make up the outer, protective layer of skin cells.
b) _________ produce melanin to color the skin and protect it from UV rays.
c) _________ are associated with sensory receptors.
d) _________ are macrophages that help fight off infections.
4. There's a fifth layer of skin on the _______________. This fifth layer is the _______________.
5. The deepest layer, where new skin is produced, is the __________________.
6. The layer above the stratum is the ________________.
7. The granular layer is called _________________.
8. The waterproof, outer layer of dead cells is called the __________________.
9. The inner layer of skin is called the _______________.
10. Which layer of skin has nerves, blood vessels, hair follicles, oil & sweat glands ... dermis or epidermis?
11. The top layer of dermis is the ____________________.
12. The ________________ layer makes up most of the dermis.
SKIN COLOR
1. __________ is the chemical substance that makes the skin darker.
2. __________ protects the body from UV radiation.
3. An example of an area of concentrated melanin is a ______________.
4. More melanin means more or less protection from sunlight?
5. One of the components of skin color, that has a yellow/orange pigment, is _______________.
6. Carotene accumulates in the _____________ layer of the skin.
7. The pinkish hue of skin comes from _________________.
SKIN APPENDAGES
1. Another name for hair is _______________________.
2. Hair is composed of ___________ layers.
3. The root of the hair shaft is contained in the ___________________.
4. The know of nerves on a hair bulb is known as the _________________.
6. The _____________ muscle pulls the hair shaft to an upright position when scared or cold.
7. About how many hairs are in the scalp ... 10,000, 100,000, or 1,000,000?
8. List the places where hair is NOT found.
______________, ______________, ______________, ______________, ______________
9. The fine hair found all over your body is known as ___________.
10. The coarser hair of your scalp is known as __________ hair.
11. Will you grow an inch of hair in about: 3 days, 3 weeks, or 3 months?
12. General loss of hair by men or women, usually as one gets older, is known as _______________.
13. ___________ baldness, which is caused by ___________, only occurs in men.
14. The edge of skin where the nail meets it is known as the ___________________.
15. The _______________ is a whiter, half-moon shaped area below the cuticle.
16. How many sweat glands do you have ... 250, 000, 2.5 million, or 25 million?
17. The most common type of sweat gland is the ____________.
18. List 6 items contained in sweat.
____________, ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________
19. Which is larger, eccrine or apocrine sweat glands?
20. Apocrine sweat glands empty directly into the ___________________.
21. The odor of sweat is caused by ________________________________________.
22. The underarms are a major location of ____________ sweat glands.
23. Earwax is produced by _________________ glands.
24. ____________ glands are a specialized type of apocrine gland that produce milk.
25. Which two places in the body do not have oil glands?
26. Oil glands are also called ____________ glands.
27. Oil glands produce ___________ as a softener and to help waterproof the skin.
FUNCTIONS of the INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
1. Skin acts as a _________________ barrier between internal tissues and the environment.
2. Skin acts as a _________________ barrier because macrophages & Langerhans cells help destroy foreign matter.
3. Skin acts as a _________________ barrier because chemicals secreted by the skin kill bacteria and melanin protects against UV radiation.
4. As body temperature rises, _________________ is produced to help cool you off.
5. As you get hotter, do the blood vessels in your dermis get smaller or larger?
6. As you get colder, do the blood vessels in your dermis get smaller or larger?
7. __________________ sensation is created by nerves in the skin.
8. Vitamin ______ is produced in the skin by sunlight.
9. The skin serves as a _________ reservoir.
HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCES of SKIN
1. How many people die from burns each year ... 1200, 12,000 or 120,000?
2. The least severe level of burn is the __________ degree burn.
3. The most severe level of burn is the __________ degree burn.
4. The epidermis and dermis are completely burned by a ___________ degree burn.
5. Blisters occur in a ____________ degree burn.
6. The least malignant type of skin cancer is _____________ carcinoma.
7. The most dangerous type of skin cancer is ___________ .
8. _________________ carcinoma starts in the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum.
9. Skin cancer is most often caused by ___________________.
10. _________________ sometimes develops from pigmented moles.
DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS of the INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
1. The _____________ coat of delicate, downy hairs cover the fetus during the 5th and 6th months of pregnancy.
2. Produced by the sebaceous glands, the ________________ protects the fetus in the amniotic sac.
3. Inflammation of the skin is called _______________.
4. What are some ways in which aging affects the skin?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________