Ch 1 - Orientation

A. developmental anatomy        ___. the study of large parts (heart, lungs, etc.)
B. excretion                    ___. the ability to produce a similar organism
C. responsiveness               ___. all of the chemical reactions that occur
D. appendicular part            ___. the head, neck, and torso
E. reproduction                 ___. they react to stimuli in the environment
F. digestion                    ___. the breaking down of nutrients into a usable form
G. surface anatomy              ___. the study of very small body structures (cell, nerve, etc.)
H. physiology                   ___. the arms and legs
I. microscopic anatomy          ___. the study of the skin and the structures beneath it
J. gross (macroscopic) anatomy  ___. the study of structural changes throughout the life of an organism
K. metabolism                   ___. removal of wastes
L. axial part                   ___. the study of how the parts of the body work

1.  The stomach is located in the _______ cavity.
2. The ____________ plane divides the body into upper and lower sections.
3. The lungs are located in the _______ cavity.
4. The spine is located in the _____ cavity.
5. The ____________ plane divides the body into front and back sections.

Ch 2: Part 2: Biochemistry

1. Many sugars joined together are known as a ________________.
2. ____________ can act as electrolytes.
3. _________ solutions have a pH of 7.
4. An enzyme can work on _____________ substances.
5. _______________ act as the main energy source for humans.
6. Starch is an example of _________________.
7. ______________ lipids have more than one double and/or triple carbon to carbon bond.
8. Glucose is an example of a ___________________
9. ________________ are made up of amino acids.

Epithelial Tissue

1. simple columnar            ___. two or more layers of cuboidal cells; found in the ducts of large glands
2. simple squamous            ___. adapted for stretching; found in the urinary tract/bladder lining
3. transitional               ___. multi-layered squamous cells; resists abrasion;  esophagus lining; skin
4. stratified squamous        ___. single layer of cuboidal cells; for secretion and absorption
5. simple cuboidal            ___. single layer of columnar cells; found in the digestive tract lining
6. stratified cuboidal        ___. single layer of squamous cells; like a tile floor; in the walls of air sacs
 
Ch 5 - The Integumentary System

1. The epidermal ridges of fingerprints are produced by ridges in the __________ layer underneath.
2. The outer layer of skin cells is mainly composed of _____________.
3. The ____________ is the inner layer of skin; it's your "hide".
4. As melanin production increases, your skin color gets ________________.
5. The _______________ muscles pulls the hair to an upright position.
6. _____________ are another name for oil glands.
7. ___________ glands are the most common type of sweat gland.
8. As it gets hotter, the dermal blood vessels ________________.
9. _____________ is a type of hair loss that affects men and women.
10. Nails are hardened _____________ at the tips of the fingers and toes.
11. The outer, waterproof layer of epidermis is the _____________.
12. Which epidermal cells produce melanin to color the skin?
13. The __________ is an extra 5th layer in the palms and soles.
14. The ___________ layer makes up most of the dermis.
15. As melanin production increases, protection from UV radiation ____________.
16. ___________ gives your skin a yellow/orange hue.
17. ___________ gives your skin a pinkish hue.
18. The thicker hair on your head and under your arms is known as _____________.
19. The _______________ is a knot of sensory nerves wrapped around the hair bulb.
20. The ________ sweat glands are most common in the axillary and anogenital regions.
21. Blisters occur in a ______________ burn.
22. The epidermis and dermis are completely burned away by a _____________ burn.
23. _______________ skin cancer is the least malignant, but most common type.
24. Pain, touch, pressure, heat and cold are examples of _________________.
25. _____________ glands produce milk in females.
26. What type of metabolic wastes are secreted in sweat?
27. Which vitamin is produced in the skin (by sunlight)?
28. Only the epidermis is burned in a __________ burn.
29. Moles may sometimes develop into ____________, the most serious skin cancer.

Ch 6 -Bone and Skeletal Tissue

1.  The epiphysis is primarily _______________ bone.
2. In ossification of long bones, the bone collar is produced just below the ____________.
3. ________________ leads to brittle bones.
4. _____________ cartilage is found between the vertebrae.
5. The final stage of fracture repair can be termed __________________.
6. _____________ cartilage can be found in the throat.
7. The first step of fracture repair is produced by the ______________.
8. ______________ growth produces new cells at the surface of bone.
9. What is found inside the medullary cavity of adults?
10. The diaphysis of bone is covered by ______________.
11. A ____________ fracture occurs when a bone is broken into several fragments.
12.  Another word for spongy bone is ______________ bone.
13. The middle section of a long bone is known as the _______________.
14. A ____________ fracture occurs when the bone breaks and protrudes through the skin.

Common / Technical Names

What are the technical names for the following bones?
 shin bone tail bone shoulder blade  breastbone  collar bone
 kneecap  forehead heel bone  wrist bones jawbone

The Skull

1. The ______________ process is behind the ear.
2. The ____________ sinus is located in the forehead.
3. The hole in the occipital bone is called the ________________.
4. The ______________ suture is between the frontal and parietal bones.

Thoracic Cage & Spine

1. Five vertebrae fuse together to form the _________, which connects to the pelvic bones.
2. The top cervical vertebrae (C1) is also called the ____________.
3. The ____________ vertebrae have foramina in their transverse processes.
4. The ____________ vertebrae have long spinous processes that point downward.
5. Not counting the sacrum & coccyx, adults have ____ vertebrae.
6. The true ribs are also called the _____________.
7. The jugular notch is on the _____________.

Arm & Leg

A. subscapular fossa            ___. raised area on the shaft of the humerus
B. pubic symphysis              ___.  located at the inferior end of the fibula
C. middle phalanx               ___. depression on the anterior surface of the scapula
D. anterior crest               ___. the ridge of bone at the back of the femur
E. talus                        ___. connects the anterior, medial edges of the pubic bones
F. acromial end                 ___. found in the index finger, but not in the thumb
G. olecranon process            ___. projection at the top of the ulna
H. deltoid tuberosity           ___. the part of the clavicle that attaches to the scapula
I. linea aspera                 ___. the tarsal bone that forms a joint with the tibia
J. lateral malleolus            ___. the front edge of the tibia

1. The ____________ carries most of the weight on the lower leg.
2. The greater sciatic notch is located on the ____________.
3. _________ have pelvis bones that are shallow and wide.

Ch 8 - Joints

A. gomphosis             ___. fills the joint cavity and lubricates the joint
B. distal                ___. raise the inside of the foot
C. proximal              ___. away from the body
D. depression            ___. move down
E. rotation              ___. spin the bone about its axis
F. inversion             ___. towards the body
G. synovial fluid        ___. freely movable joint
H. symphysis             ___. joint between the tooth and the alveoli
I. pronation             ___. turn the palm down
J. synovial              ___. held together by fibrocartilage, such as between the coxal bones
K. extension             ___. increase angle at the joint
L. articular cartilage   ___. located on the surface at the ends of the bones at a joint

1. A _____________ occurs when a bone is moved out of its proper position.
2. A ______________ results when ligaments are stretched or torn.
3. ___________________ is an autoimmune disease; it's the most severe type of arthritis.
4. ________________  are freely movable  joints.


Ch 9 - Muscles

1. Muscles are attached to bone by ____________.
2. ____________ muscles are not striated and are uninucleated.
3. The basic contracting unit of muscle tissue is the ______________.
4. ____________ muscles are usually controlled voluntarily.
5. ___________ are found in the walls of the internal organs.

A. endomysium    ___. a bundle of muscle fibers/cells; several make up an entire muscle
B. myofibril     ___. connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
C. epimysium     ___. connective tissue surrounding an individual muscle fiber/cell
D. perimysium    ___. connective tissue surrounding the entire muscle
E. fascicle      ___. a long cylinder of sarcomeres connected end to end

Ch 10 - Muscles of the Head & Neck

A. antagonist             ___. holds a joint or bone in place
B. bipennate              ___. straight muscle
C. prime mover            ___. opposes the movement of the prime mover
D. fixator                ___. the main muscle responsible for a movement
E. masseter               ___. horizontal muscle from the corner of the mouth to the cheek
F. parallel               ___. found on both sides of a tendon
G. unipennate             ___. made up of concentric circles
H. digastric              ___. attaches from the sternum and clavicle to behind the ear
I. infrahyoids            ___. suprahyoid muscle that attaches to the chin
J. scalenes               ___. muscles attached to, but below the hyoid bone
K. sternocleidomastoid    ___. muscle around the eye
L. circular               ___. found on one side of a tendon
M. synergist              ___. helps other muscles
N. orbicularis oculi      ___. attach between the cervical vertebrae and the ribs
O. risorius               ___. prime mover of jaw closure
____________________________________________________________________________________
YOU WILL HAVE TO LABEL:
 

 frontal    cervical vertebrae   carpals          patella        zygomaticus
 temporal   lumbar vertebrae     middle phalanx   tibia          mentalis
 mandible   coccyx               humerus          metatarsals    frontalis
 maxilla    sternum              ulna             femur          orbicularis oris
 sphenoid   true ribs            distal phalanx   calcaneus      orbicularis oculi
 occipital  sacrum               radius           fibula         temporalis
 parietal   thoracic vertebrae   metacarpals                     risorius
 floating ribs                                                   levator labii superioris 
                                                                 platysma
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mastoid process   spinous process      spine
styoid process    vertebral foramen    olecranon fossa
lambdoidal suture transverse process   acromion
zygomatic process                      obturator foramen
mandibular angle                       iliac crest