| 18.1 – Fungi
• Fungi are eukaryotic. • Most fungi are multicellular and feed by decomposing organic matter. • The body of a fungus is made of hyphae. • The cell wall of each hypha contains chitin. • Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually. • There are 4 divisions of fungi: 1 – zygomycetes; ex. bread mold 2 – ascomycetes; ex. yeast 3 – basidiomycetes; ex. mushrooms 4 – deuteromycetes; ex. blue cheese • Fungi live in most places that have organic material and moisture. • Though some fungi are helpful, many can cause diseases. • Lichen – a fungus and an algae living together in a symbiotic relationship 18.2 Early Land Plants • The first plants survived on land by living together with fungi (mycorrhizae). • The first successful land plants (such as moss and liverworts) had no vascular tissue or seeds. • The first plants to evolve vascular tissue were horsetails, club mosses, and ferns (but they still didn’t produce seeds). 18.3 Seed Plants • Seeds help plants to survive in unfavorable environments. They store energy and protect the embryonic plant. • Seed plant embryos have leaflike structures called cotyledons that store food or help absorb food stored elsewhere in the seed. • Seed plants have different methods of seed dispersal. • Seed plants are divided into two groups. 1 – gymnosperms; often produce seeds in a cone 2 – angiosperms; flowering plants produce seeds in fruit |