1. Biotechnology allows _______________________________ to be used in extracting minerals in mining. 
2. The first step in creating recombinant DNA is to treat DNA taken from both sources with a ____________.
3. A ____________ can base pair with any DNA molecule that contains the complementary ____________.
4. ___________________ is used to covalently link the two strands into a molecule of recombinant DNA.
5. ___________________ in the lab involves joining of foreign DNA (genes) with bacterial DNA. 
6. Expression of genes results in production of __________________________.
7. ___________________ are a special class of DNA-cutting endonucleases isolated from bacteria.
8. In making recombinant DNA, the bacteria are protected by _________ phage DNA during viral infections.
9. Bacterial DNA is protected by ___________________ of bases.
10. Restriction enzymes recognize and cut ___________________ sequence of bases in DNA.
11. Sticky ends result when restriction enzymes make __________________________.
12. Two different pieces of DNA cut with the same enzyme will have ___________________ sticky ends 
13. A ____________________________ is a circular form of a vector.
14. ______ can exist in several species, so they can be used to move cloned DNA among different organisms.
15. ______________can accept larger pieces of foreign DNA.
16.A __________________________ is used to amplify small samples of DNA.
17. A __________________________ is required to perform a PCR.
18. _______________________________ can be used in diagnostic work  to detect pathogenic DNA.
19. In __________________________, cells take up naked DNA from the environment.
20. __________________________ uses electrical current to create pores in cell membrane.
21._______ uses particles of tungsten or gold coated with DNA and shoots particles into cells pores of cells.
22. __________________________ uses glass pipette to inject foreign DNA into cell 
23. DNA is isolated from organisms and digested into fragments to produce ____________________.
24. Translation of genes in bacteria would result in ____________________________.
25. Genes can be made in vitro using a ____________________________ 
26.  ____________________________ of DNA can be synthesized.
27. Early work done in recombinant DNA used _________________________ as the host.
28. What are the problems with using E. coli in recombinant DNA? ________________________________
29. What fungus is often used for expression of eukaryotic genes? ________________________________
30. Gene expression can be studied using ________________ to visualize the patterns of gene expression.
31. ___________________ utilizes recombinant DNA technology to manipulating DNA to produce multiple copies of a single gene or segment of DNA. 
32. ____________ is a lab technique used to determine the order of nucleotide bases in a molecule of DNA. 
33. A ____________ plant or animal has been genetically engineered, & often contains genetic material another organism.
34. Recombinant DNA is used in the production of ___________________ and other hormones.
35. We are working on using _______________ to deliver genes to host cells to correct genetic problems.
36. The Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens can integrate into ___________________________.
37. By creating DNA that will not produce protein but will degrade RNA, we can ____________________.
38. We can use recombinant DNA to Increased nitrogen fixation in _________________________________.
39. DNA sequencing allows for the determination of the ______________________ of an organism.
40. _____________________________ is used for genetic screening and DNA fingerprinting.