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Biology II Practice Test
[Word version]
DNA Fingerprinting Practice Test  

1. A base plus a piece (phosphate & sugar) of the vertical section of the 'ladder' is called a __________.
2. DNA strands are read in a particular direction, from the top (the ___ end) to the bottom (the ___ end). 
3. In PCR, the double strand of DNA may be denatured ________________ into single strands.
4. Scientists use a ______________ of DNA that are known to vary among individuals a great deal, and analyze those to get a certain probability of a match. 
5. A piece of a chromosome that dictates a particular trait is called a _______________. 
6. DNA has a _________________ structure.
7. Each 'rung' of the 'ladder' contains __________________ bases.
8. In forensic science, it is common to have only __________________ of DNA to use for lab work. 
9.________________________ is performed to increase the amount of DNA.
10. In PCR, the strands are placed in a medium of _______________ so that the DNA can replicate and you get two complete DNA molecules. 
11. _____________________ have some VNTRs. 
12. The chances of somebody else having the exact same VNTR results is ______________________.
13. Every strand of DNA has pieces called _____ that contain genetic information about an organism's development.
14. Pieces that, apparently, supply no relevant genetic information at all in DNA are called ______________.
15. Repeating sequences found in DNA are called ____________________. 
16. VNTRs can contain anywhere from __________________ base pairs. 
17. Breaking down cell, nuclear, and organelle membranes with detergent and salt is called ______.
18. To determine if a person has a particular VNTR, a _____________________ is made and probed through a hybridization reaction with a radioactive version of the VNTR in question. 
19. In the _____ step of DNA extraction, we ohysically break down the organic specimen to separate the cells.
20. A given person's VNTRs comes from _________________.
21. A ______________ is made to analyze the genetic patterns which appear in a person's DNA. 
22. In the _____ step of DNA extraction, we break down the membranes so DNA can get out
23. Heat is sometimes used in which step of DNA extraction? _________________
24. In the _____ step of DNA extraction, we cut the DNA away from the proteins with an enzyme.
25. In the _____ step of DNA extraction, we separate the DNA from the rest of the organic matter.

Steps in Making a Southern Blot 

Step #____  DNA segments are sorted by size using gel electrophoresis. 
Step #____  The gel with the DNA is applied to a sheet of nitrocellulose paper, and baked to attach the DNA to the sheet. 
Step #____  Cut the DNA into several pieces of different sizes using restriction enzymes. 
Step #____  DNA is isolated from the rest of the cellular material in the nucleus. 
Step #____  The DNA is separated (denatured) by heat or chemically so that you have 2 single strands of DNA


DNA Fingerprinting Notes

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