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Biology II Curriculum
for Louisiana
 TOPICS
BENCHMARKS
I. Research Skills
   A. Experimental Design
        1. Review how to formulate hypotheses and design appropriate experiments
        2. Design and carry out experiments on a variety of topics
   B. Statistical Analysis of Results
        1. Review the laws of probability 
        2. Analyze self-generated experimental results using the Chi-square and T-test tests of significance
   C. Use of the Scientific Literature
        1. Demonstrate an ability to do a literature search
        2. Read and evaluate selected research papers
SI-A1 THROUGH A7
SI-H-B1,B2,B4,B5
II. Cellular Biology and Biochemistry
   A. Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cells
        1. Compare the two cell types
        2. Describe the current theories regarding the origin of eukaryotic organelles
   B. Cell Respiration
        1. Recognize the reactants and products of glycolysis
        2. Summarize the major steps in the Kreb’s cycle.
        3. Describe the electron transport system
        4. Contrast the energy output of aerobic and anaerobic respiration
   C. Photosynthesis
        1. Describe the interaction between chlorophyll and photolysis
        2. Recognize the reactants, products, and function for carbon dioxide fixation
   D. Enzyme Kinetics
        1. Recognize the significance of enzyme specificity and active sites
        2. Discuss the impact of cofactors and coenzymes on enzyme functioning
        3. Experimentally investigate the optimal conditions for a selected enzyme
        4. Compare the different mechanisms of enzyme inhibition
LS-H-A1
LS-H-E1+E2
III. Genetics and Biotechnology
   A. Modes of Inheritance
        1. review basic genetics and protein synthesis
        2. Experimentally analyze the inheritance of one trait in a selected organism such as the fruit fly
   B. Control of Gene Expression
        1. Recognize example of the operon model in prokaryotes
        2. Describe the method of gene control in eukaryotes
   C. Recombinant DNA
        1. Describe the technique used to protect recombinant DNA
        2. Discuss the impact of recombinant DNA in medicine and agriculture
   D. DNA Fingerprinting
        1. Demonstrate an ability to interpret DNA fingerprints
        2. Carry out a DNA extraction and/or produce a DNA fingerprint using gel electrophoresis
        3. Describe the importance of DNA analysis in forensics 
LS-H-A3
LS-H-B1,B3,B4
IV.  Evolution
   A. Evidence for Evolution
        1. Describe the evidence from the fossil record, homology, and comparative embryology
        2.   Use comparative embryology as evidence evolving species and to demonstrate how the species are related 
        3.    Compare this evidence with that based on protein and DNA analysis
   B. Mechanisms of Evolution
        1. Describe the following: natural selection, adaptive radiation gradualism, and punctuated equilibrium
        2. Explain how natural selection produced industrial resistance
   C. Speciation
        1. Describe the role of isolating Mechanisms in Speciation
        2. Decide whether selection is occurring in a population by determining gene frequencies using the Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium theory
 D.  Human Evolution
        1. Describe primate origins and characteristics
        2. Discuss the development of Hominids
        3. Compare the two models for  the origin of modern Homo Sapiens
 LS-H C2+C3
Additional course work may be selected from the following topics. Teacher and student interest plus the availability of appropriate equipment for related investigations should be considered when making the selection.
V. MICROBIOLOGY
   A. Bacterial physiology
   B. Viral Structure and Replication
   C. Microbial Diseases

VI. BEHAVIOR
   A. Innate Components of Behavior
   B. Learned Behavior
   C. Interactive Behaviors

VII. ECOLOGY
   A. Population Ecology
   B. Population Interactions
   C. Human Impact on Ecosystems

VIII. PLANT ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
   A. Nutritional Requirements
   B. Plant Hormones
   C. Bioclacks in Plants

 IX. ANIMAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
   A. Nutrient Supply
   B. Gas Exchange
   C. Transport of materials
   D. Control Systems
        1. Nervous system
        2. Endocrine system
   E. Reproduction
   F. Body Defenses
   G. Biomechanics