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Biology II Practice Test
 Ch 21: Nutrition and Digestion  

1. ___________________________ eat both plants and animals; ex. humans, cockroaches, raccoons.
2. ___________________________ eat only other animals; ex. snakes, lions, sharks.
3. _____________________ extract food particles suspended in surrounding water; ex. baleen whales.
4. ______________________ live on/in their food source and eat their way through; ex. Earthworms.
5. __________________________ is breaking food down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb.
6. Simple animals may have a single opening leading to a ___________________________________.
7. Some organisms have a __________________________ containing "teeth" or grit to help grind food. 
8. ___________________________ is the process of taking in food, or eating. 
9. ___________________________ is the process of eliminating undigested material from the body.
10. The ___________________ help to mechanically digest food. 
11. ___________________________ means to chew food. 
12. You should develop ____________ permanent teeth. 
13. The outer surface of teeth is made of ________________________.
14. Salivary ________________________, in saliva, starts breaking down starch. 
15. _____________________ moves food down the esophagus. 
16. Heartburn results when ___________________ move into the esophagus.
17. The stomach can stretch to hold as much as ______________________. 
18. _______________________ secreted in the stomach helps to kill bacteria. 
19. _______________________ secreted in the stomach dissolves protein. 
20. The dissolved food/enzyme at the bottom of the stomach is known as _______________________. 
21. The body’s major digestive organ is the _________________________. 
22. The _____________________________ are lined with small finger-like extensions called villi. 
23. Food is absorbed into the blood in the ______________________________. 
24. The task of the ______________________ is to emulsify fats. 
25. It is normal for the large intestines to contain ______________________ to ferment carbohydrates. 
26. The process of the elimination of the solid wastes from the body is called _________________________. 
27. The large intestines are about _______________ feet long. 

28 ________________  = the first 10” section of small intestines 
29________________  = stores bile until needed, when the bile is then squirted secreted into the duodenum
30________________  = the middle section of the small intestines
31________________  = produces bile; the largest gland in the body
32________________  = absorbs food into the bloodstream 
33________________  = absorbs water back into the body
34________________  = last section of the small intestines; joins with the large intestines 

35. Energy content of food is measured in _______________________________.
36. The amount of energy needed to fuel the basic life processes in a resting animal is known as the _________.
37. The BMR for an adult is about _____________________ calories.
38. Vegetarians must get __________________________ from foods like corn, beans, and legumes. 
39. We need __________________ vitamins. 
40. Vitamins ____________________ are water-soluble.
41. _________________________ from animals may lead to high blood cholesterol levels.
42. ___________________________ created by hydrogenation have been linked to heart disease. 
43. It’s considered healthier to have high levels of ____________________.
44. More exercise ___________________________.
45. You can reduce your cancer risk by ___________________________.

Number the parts of the gastrointestinal tract in their correct order.
____ large intestines   __1__ mouth   ____ stomach   ____ esophagus   ____ pharynx   ____ small intestines


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