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Biology II Practice Test
 Ch 20 - Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function   

1. ________________________________ is the study of the structure of an organism.
2. ________________________________ is the study of the functions of an organism; how it works.
3. What is the correct structural hierarchy? _________________________________________________
4. A/An ______________________________ is a group of similar cells that perform a specific function
5. ________________________________ tissue occurs as sheets of tightly packed cells that cover body surfaces and line internal organs and cavities.
6. ___________________________ epithelium would be a single layer of cells as tall as they are wide.
7. ___________________________ epithelium would be more than one layer of flat cells.
8. ___________________________ epithelium would be more than one layer of scale-like cells.
9. _________________ is epithelial tissue lining our digestive & respiratory tracts that secretes mucous to keep it moist.
10. ________________________________ tissue is a sparse population of cells in an extracellular matrix.
11. ________________________________ binds and packs material; it holds organs in place.
12. ________________________________ tissue (fat) pads and insulates the body.  It also stores energy.
13. ________________________________ consists of cells (red and white) in a fluid matrix (plasma). 
 It transports materials around the body.
14. _____________________________ has a matrix of densely packed parallel bundles of collagen fibers. 
 It forms tendons that hold muscles to bones and ligaments that hold bones to bones. 
15. ___________________ forms a strong but flexible material with several functions related to the skeleton. 
16. ________________________________ tissue is a stiff matrix of collagen fibers in calcium salts. 
17. ________________________________ tissue consists of bundles of long muscle fibers.
18. ________________________________ tissue is the most common type of tissue in a vertebrates.
19. __________________________ muscle is attached to the skeleton (by tendons) and allows us to move. 
20. ________________________________ muscle forms the heart.
21. ________________________________ muscle is found in the internal organs. 
22. ___________________ tissue forms a communications system to transmit nerve signals around the body.
23. The basic nerve cell is called a ________________________________. 
24. ___________ usually travel from one place to another by a chain of neurons, each passing the signal to the next one.
25. _________ provides 360o X-rays of the body which are pieced together with a computer to give 3-D views 
26. A/An ____________________________is used to exchange materials between blood and the body.
27. As external conditions change, animals regulate their internal environment to maintain _______________.
28. _______________ is a system where the body senses when a certain level is reached and stops an action.

The 11 basic body systems: physiology:
____  29. skeletal             A. ingests food and breaks it down into smaller chemical units
____  30. nervous            B. produces the sex cells and (in women) allows for the production of offspring
____  31. reproductive    C. coordinates body activities
____  32. muscular          D. transports nutrients & oxygen to the body cells and takes wastes away for removal
____  33. respiratory       E. produces hormones to affect metabolic activities
____  34. circulatory       F. helps circulate materials throughout the body
____  35. integumentary G. filters wastes from the blood
____  36. digestive          H. provides support and protection
____  37. lymphatic         I. allows us to move and perform certain body activities
____  38. endocrine         J. exchanges gases with the environment (takes in oxygen, releases carbon dioxide)
____  39. excretory         K. protects the body

The 11 basic body systems: anatomy:
____  40. respiratory      A. glands such as the pancreas, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, etc.
____  41. digestive         B. ovaries or testes, uterus (in women)
____  42. endocrine        C. kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
____  43. circulatory       D. bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage
____  44. skeletal            E. skin, hair, nails, interior linings
____  45. muscular         F. brain, spinal cord, nerves
____  46. nervous          G. skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles
____  47. reproductive  H. oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines
____  48. lymphatic        I. nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and lungs
____  49. integumentary J. heart, blood, blood vessels
____  50. excretory         K. lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, spleen


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